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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is reduced in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species are known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently classified, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are extremely abundant in certain regions.
Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental forms of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous forests, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites live in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood category is the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which is an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are generally small, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The biggest of extant termites are the queens of the species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1.
Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind as they do not have a set of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes which they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (typically shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a set of mandibles.
Consistent with insects, the anatomy of this termite thorax consists of three segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains a set of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and original site metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen with 2 plates, the tergites and also the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 You can find ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like people in cockroaches but are more simplified. For instance, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the semen is immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes of thieves are wingless and rely exclusively on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a short amount of time, and therefore that they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is similar in each and every caste, but the soldiers have bigger and heavier legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg fluctuates. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which is present in species which scale on smooth surfaces but is absent in most termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 the majority of the time, the alates are poor stocks; their technique is to launch themselves in the atmosphere and fly in a random direction. Studies indicate that in comparison to larger termites, smaller vases cannot fly long distances. When a termite is in flight, its wings remain at a right angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel visite site to your own body.51.
Worker termites undertake the most labor within the colony, being more information responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Employees are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are consequently the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding different nestmates is popularly known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not have a true worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that perform the exact same job without differentiating as a separate caste.53.